In 1963 in a small village called Tumba in Kerala funding to build at least one office building or converting a church into an office building, ISRO carried rocket parts on bicycles on a cart and carried out space experiments. Today India has grown to the point of becoming the first country in the history of the world to land on the South Pole of the Moon. And if Russia is investing a few billion dollars and doing space experiments to compete with each other on the other hand without having to compete with each other ISRO developed its own space technology and countries like America and Russia spent only 10 to 20% of the money on space research and ISRO became successful recently. Like it sent a mission called Lunar 25 but unfortunately that mission failed and the lander crashed on the moon but the point here is that the budget of this failed Lunar 25 mission of Russia was 200 million dollars which is about 1600 crore rupees but do you know the budget of Chandrayaan 3 is only 75 million Dollars means 615 crores but how our ISRO is able to make rockets and satellites at such a low cost How did ISRO actually grow to compete with space agencies of developed countries in 1960 without even a launching station and compete with space agencies of developed countries like NASA and CNSE Today I am going to tell about the contribution made by intellectuals like Vikram Sarabhai Satish Ravan and Abdul Kalam to the growth of ISRO and the space technology developed by them.
In 1920 some scientists in India were doing research and experiments related to space technology they were SK Mitra Meghnath Saha and CV Raman but at that time India was not yet independent so there was no separate organization but funding for space experiments in our country. They are doing space experiments while competing and as a part of this, Russia launched their first artificial satellite in 1957. This is the first artificial satellite sent from the earth into space. Along with his friend Homi Baba in 1962 with the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru the importance of space science was necessary for our country and finally with the approval of the government Vikram Sarabhai established the first space research organization in India the same spar Indian National Committee for Space Research for Chairman Vikram Sarabhai spoke to the American space organization NASA as India had no experience in making rockets but in launching them so they brought a rocket called Nike Apache to India, but India had no experience in space technology. So now the task before them is to successfully launch this rocket and send it into space but the difficulty they had to launch this rocket that day was really indescribable because in 1962 India had no launching stations to launch rockets no technology and even no funding from the government to build them. At such a time Vikram Sarabhai went through all the states in India for a proper place to launch this rocket and finally selected a small church in a village called Tumba in the district of Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala.
But the reason for selecting this particular location is that the Geo Magnetic Equator line goes from the area where this church is located so launching a rocket here will give an additional boost to this particular location over the normal speed of the rocket so Vikram Sarabhai directly took his team. After going to that location and talking to the people in that village they took the place where the church is located. After a few days, the church was converted into a space research office and rockets were assembled and launched there. Today it became Tumbacotorial Rocket Launching Station. The rocket was taken to this church in Tumbha on bicycles and assembled there but at that time India did not have the necessary infrastructure to launch a rocket, so Vikram Sarabhai manually used hydraulic cranes and sent India first rocket into space on November 21 in 1963 and it was a success at the first attempt. And laid the foundation for Indian Space Research Finally seeing the hard work and perseverance of Vikram Sarabhai the Indian Government on August 15 in 1963 gave a new form to the Research Organization Indian Government also appointed Vikram Sarabhai as the first Chairman under him ISRO scientists worked very hard to develop India own space technology. Finally in 1975 ISRO produced India first artificial satellite
If it is Aryabhatta this satellite was completely designed in India and manufactured in India but the rocket used to send it into space was not the launching station but India V. Cosmos from Russia sent this satellite named Aryabhatta into space from Russia itself. This mission was also successful in the first time. So after Vikram Sarabhai Professor Satish Ravan became the chairman of ISRO in 1972. He also played a key role in the development of ISRO. How does India have its own technology to make satellites but lacks the necessary satellite launching vehicles to send them into space Satish Dhawan worked hard for this and finally made a satellite launching vehicle in 1980 the same SLV 3 so finally 1980 first time a satellite launching vehicle and satellite also made in India and sent them into space from India same Rohini satellite Satish Dhawan from Sriharikota in Nellore district. Launched into space from space center in 1983 ISRO loaned an important mission that is INSAT Indian National Satellite System it is not a single satellite in this project total 24 satellites are placed in a series around our earth for telecommunication weather report to India along with rescue operation in case of earthquakes floods This satellite system provides information to ISRO from time to time. The main objective of the satellite is that ISRO also launched this mission very successfully.
Later another important mission launched by ISRO is Chandrayaan 1 in 2008 when G Madhavan Nair was the chairman of ISRO Chandrayaan mission was launched these missions have an orbiter which orbits the moon and sends information to the earth this is the main objective of Chandrayaan but this mission takes one or two years to launch There was an incident before that in 2006 the Chairman of ISRO Madhavan Nair went to explain the Chandrayaan mission to the then President of India Ena Abdul Kalam but after Abdul Kalam heard about the Chandrayaan mission completely he gave an important advice to the Chandrayaan mission that advice is what India is today. Chandrayaan 1 will have only one orbiter which will go around the moon and send its information to the earth but Abdul Kalam will land on the surface of the moon along with the orbiter in Chandrayaan to study the weather conditions there. It was suggested in 2006 to send a rover too, but exactly 13 years after this advice was given, Chandrayaan 2 went to land on the moon with the same objective in 2019, but the unoriginal Chandrayaan 3 which was sent in 2023 failed and landed on the moon and made Kalams suggestion come true. 2 Abdul Kalam who suggested the main objective of the mission played a very important role in the development of ISRO even before that for example we have talked about how hard Vikram Sarabhai and his team worked to send the first rocket from India into space to establish another spot in the video starting, but one of Vikram Sarabhai’s team APJ Abdul Kalam was also behind the first satellite launched by India in 1963. Moreover during the time when Satish Dhawan was the chairman of ISRO India should have its own satellite launching vehicles, he made a satellite launching vehicle called SLV3 but do you know who is the director of the project called SLV 3 APJ Abdul Kalam.
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